Computer Science vs Software Engineering: Which Major Is Best for You?

If you‘re interested in a career in software development, you may be wondering whether you should major in computer science or software engineering. Both majors can lead to similar careers, but there are some key differences between the two fields of study. In this article, we‘ll break down computer science vs software engineering and explore how to choose the right major for you.

What Is Computer Science?

Computer science is the study of computation and information. It focuses on the theory of computation and the design of computational systems. Some of the main areas of study within computer science include:

• Algorithms and data structures
• Programming languages and compilers
• Computer architecture and organization
• Operating systems and networking
• Databases and information systems
• Artificial intelligence and robotics

As a computer science major, you can expect a heavy dose of mathematics, including courses in calculus, linear algebra, statistics, and discrete math. You‘ll learn the underlying theory behind how computers work and the fundamental concepts that all programmers rely on.

Compared to software engineering, computer science has a stronger emphasis on theory and mathematics, as well as more flexibility for students to take electives and explore specialized areas like artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer graphics, or cryptography. A degree in computer science gives students a broad, generalized knowledge to draw on and prepares them for a wide range of potential career paths.

What Is Software Engineering?

Software engineering is the application of engineering principles to the design, development, testing, and maintenance of software. Where computer science is more theoretical, software engineering is a more practical major focused on helping students become effective software developers.

As a software engineering major, you‘ll take classes in:

• Software development processes and methodologies
• Requirements analysis and specification
• Software design and architecture
• Software verification and validation
• Software project management
• Software quality assurance

Software engineering students also take some foundational computer science classes in programming, algorithms, and databases. But the emphasis is more on the entire software development lifecycle and the skills needed to work effectively in teams to deliver functioning, high-quality software systems.

The course load for software engineering has less mathematics compared to computer science, but includes classes in physics and electrical engineering. Software engineering students tend to have less flexibility in their course selections, because more of the curriculum is focused on preparing them for careers as professional software developers.

Job Prospects for Computer Science vs Software Engineering Majors

The good news is, job prospects are bright for both computer science and software engineering majors. The most common career path for both is to become a software developer or software engineer. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of software developers is projected to grow 22% from 2020 to 2030, much faster than the average for all occupations.

However, there are some subtle differences in the types of careers that computer science vs software engineering majors tend to pursue. With its emphasis on theory and mathematics, computer science opens the door to more academic and research-oriented positions. Computer science majors may also use their broader knowledge to specialize in in-demand areas like artificial intelligence, machine learning, security, or computer graphics.

On the other hand, software engineering majors are more likely to jump straight into hands-on software development roles. The major prepares students with knowledge of the software development lifecycle, collaboration tools, and industry best practices that they can apply from day one on the job. While some software engineering grads may specialize, more tend to work as generalist software engineers.

How to Choose Between Computer Science and Software Engineering

So which major should you choose: computer science or software engineering? The answer depends on your personal interests and career goals. Here are some questions to ask yourself:

• Do you enjoy abstract thinking and mathematical problem solving? Or do you prefer building practical, real-world systems?
• Are you interested in having the option to pursue research or academia? Or do you definitely want to go into industry as a software developer?
• Do you want to have the flexibility to specialize in areas like AI, graphics, or security? Or are you mainly interested in becoming a well-rounded full-stack developer?
• Would you rather spend more time on theory and fundamentals? Or quickly get up to speed with current software development practices and tools?

If you enjoy theory, mathematics, and abstract thinking, computer science may be the better choice. The major provides the foundation to specialize in academic or research roles, or high-demand areas like machine learning and security. You‘ll have more flexibility to customize your education.

On the other hand, if you know you want to become a professional software developer and quickly learn the tools of the trade, software engineering may be the better fit. You‘ll learn industry best practices and graduate with a skill set that transfers directly to a job building software. Just be prepared for a more rigorous and constrained engineering curriculum.

Making the Most of Your Major

Ultimately, both computer science and software engineering can lead to successful and fulfilling careers in software development. You‘ll build a foundation of programming skills in either major. As long as you supplement your education with hands-on coding practice, like open source projects or internships, you can graduate well-prepared for a software development job.

Choosing the right major is important, but it‘s not the only factor in forging a successful career. Your personal projects, work experience, and interviewing skills also play a major role in landing your dream job. If you focus on learning fundamentals and gaining practical experience, you‘ll be on the path to a bright future in software development—whether you choose computer science or software engineering.